Formula Feeding

Feeding Frequency

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In the first few weeks:

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• Most newborns feed every 2–4 hours

• Babies may feed 8–12 times in 24 hours

• Feeding patterns can vary day to day

• Babies feed overnight​

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Hunger cues may include:

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• Rooting

• Bringing hands to mouth

• Sucking motions

• Increased alertness

• Fussiness

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For a video example of hunger cues, click here.

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Bottle & Formula Feeding Basics

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Bottle feeding is an opportunity to hold your baby close and respond to their feeding cues. Watch your baby throughout the feed and allow them to pause or stop when they show signs of fullness. Never prop a bottle or leave your baby unattended while feeding.

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Choosing a Bottle Nipple

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Choose a nipple with a flow that allows your baby to feed comfortably. During feeding, watch your baby and give them opportunities to pause. Take breaks to burp your baby as needed. Check nipples regularly for signs of wear or damage and replace them when needed. Do not enlarge the nipple hole, as this can damage the nipple and create a choking hazard.

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For more information on choosing a nipple, click here. 

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Cleaning & Sterilizing Bottles

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Before preparing formula:

• Wash your hands and clean the preparation surface.

• Thoroughly wash bottles, nipples, lids, and other feeding equipment.

• Sterilize feeding equipment by boiling it in water for 2 minutes, then allow it to air dry and cool.

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Preparing & Storing Formula Safely

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• Always prepare formula according to the instructions on the package. Different formulas may require different amounts of water and powder.

• Never add extra water or formula powder.

• Once your baby starts drinking from a bottle, use it within 2 hours and discard any leftovers.

• Formula prepared in advance should be refrigerated at 4°C or below and used within 24 hours, or according to the manufacturer's instructions.

• Do not microwave formula because it can create hot spots that can burn your baby's mouth.

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Health Canada: Preparing and handling powdered infant formula

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During the Feed

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Hold your baby close and watch them throughout the feed. Let your baby guide how much and how quickly they drink rather than encouraging them to finish the bottle. Take breaks as needed, including for burping, and stop when your baby shows that they are full.

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